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Energy management of wind-PV-storage-grid based large electricity consumer using robust optimization technique. A robust green location-allocation-inventory problem to design an urban waste management system under uncertainty.

A robust optimization approach for coordinated operation of multiple energy hubs. A distributionally robust optimization for blood supply network considering disasters. Battery electric bus infrastructure planning under demand uncertainty. Robust optimization-based heuristic algorithm for the chance-constrained knapsack problem using submodularity. Overcapacity in European power systems: Analysis and robust optimization approach. A robust optimization approach for optimal load dispatch of community energy hub.

Aggregate production planning considering implementation error: A robust optimization approach using bi-level particle swarm optimization. A distributionally robust optimization model for designing humanitarian relief network with resource reallocation.

Approximate convex hull based scenario truncation for chance constrained trajectory optimization. Stochastic p-robust DEA efficiency scores approach to banking sector. Benders decomposition approach with heuristic improvements for the robust foodgrain supply network design problem. Uncertainty representation and risk management for direct segmented marketing. Robust optimization-based energy management of DC microgrids. Decision support for strategic energy planning: A robust optimization framework.

Robust goal programming for multi-objective optimization of data-driven problems: A use case for the United States transportation command's liner rate setting problem.

A two-stage robust model for a reliable p-center facility location problem. Inventory routing for defense: Moving supplies in adversarial and partially observable environments.

Approximation algorithms for process systems engineering. Robust production allocation model for an agricultural cooperative with yield uncertainty and similar revenue constraints. Improving consistency in hierarchical tactical and operational planning using Robust Optimization.

Data-driven robust optimization for wastewater sludge-to-biodiesel supply chain design. Waste collection inventory routing with non-stationary stochastic demands. Applications of Clearing Functions. Hybrid stochastic and robust optimization model for lot-sizing and scheduling problems under uncertainties. On Robust Fractional Programming. Erfan Mehmanchi , Colin P. Optimization for Urban Air Mobility. Robust modeling and planning: Insights from three industrial applications.

Hybrid proactive approach for solving maintenance and planning problems in the scenario of Industry 4. Multi-Period energy procurement policies for smart-grid communities with deferrable demand and supplementary uncertain power supplies.

Robust optimization for the vehicle routing problem with multiple deliverymen. Design of robust distribution network under demand uncertainty: A case study in the pulp and paper. An integrated multi-echelon robust closed- loop supply chain under imperfect quality production. Robust bus bridging service design under rail transit system disruptions. Designing a robust and dynamic network for the emergency blood supply chain with the risk of disruptions.

Robust optimization of the insecticide-treated bed nets procurement and distribution planning under uncertainty for malaria prevention and control. Robust reliable humanitarian relief network design: an integration of shelter and supply facility location. Evaluation and monitoring of community youth prevention programs using a robust productivity index. A Distributionally Robust Boosting Algorithm. Energy systems engineering - a guided tour. Evaluating efficiency of airlines: A new robust DEA approach with undesirable output.

Robust distributed optimization for energy dispatch of multi-stakeholder multiple microgrids under uncertainty. Light Robust Goal Programming. Robust and stochastic formulations for ambulance deployment and dispatch. Designing networks with resiliency to edge failures using two-stage robust optimization.

Robust allocation of testing resources in reliability growth. A robust optimization approach to model supply and demand uncertainties in inventory systems. Planning and operation of an integrated energy system in a Swedish building. A robust bi-objective multi-trip periodic capacitated arc routing problem for urban waste collection using a multi-objective invasive weed optimization. Algal biofuel supply chain network design with variable demand under alternative fuel price uncertainty: A case study.

Dynamic coordinated scheduling scheme for transmission and distribution system considering uncertainties of distributed generations. A robust optimization model for prosumer microgrids considering uncertainties in prosumer generation. Hybrid artificial intelligence and robust optimization for a multi-objective product portfolio problem Case study: The dairy products industry.

Robust consensus models based on minimum cost with an application to marketing plan. Computational approaches and data analytics in financial services: A literature review. Supply chain network design considering sustainable development paradigm: A case study in cable industry.

Two-stage robust planning-operation co-optimization of energy hub considering precise energy storage economic model. Shie Mannor , Huan Xu. Optimization under turbulence model uncertainty for aerospace design. Simultaneous power and heat scheduling of microgrids considering operational uncertainties: A new stochastic p-robust optimization approach.

Multi-energy management with hierarchical distributed multi-scale strategy for pelagic islanded microgrid clusters. Jiankun Sun , Jan A.

Van Mieghem. Austin Bren , Soroush Saghafian. Robust optimization framework for dynamic distributed energy resources planning in distribution networks. Comparing techniques for modelling uncertainty in a maritime inventory routing problem.

K-adaptability in stochastic combinatorial optimization under objective uncertainty. A polyhedral analysis of the capacitated edge activation problem with uncertain demands. An integrated approach for the rectangular delineation of management zones and the crop planning problems. A robust model predictive control approach for post-disaster relief distribution. A robust optimization model for the maritime inventory routing problem. The recoverable robust stand allocation problem: a GRU airport case study.

An interval-based multi-objective artificial bee colony algorithm for solving the web service composition under uncertain QoS.

Prepositioning inventory for disasters: a robust and equitable model. Robust voltage control algorithm incorporating model uncertainty impacts. New algorithmic framework for conditional value at risk: Application to stochastic fixed-charge transportation. Light robustness in the optimization of Markov decision processes with uncertain parameters. Surrogate-assisted robust design optimization and global sensitivity analysis of a directly coupled photovoltaic-electrolyzer system under techno-economic uncertainty.

Robust Optimization for the Pooling Problem. GAN-MP hybrid heuristic algorithm for non-convex portfolio optimization problem. A robust framework for task-related resident scheduling. Almost Robust Discrete Optimization. The robust multiple-choice multidimensional knapsack problem. A robust optimization approach to multi-interval location-inventory and recharging planning for electric vehicles. The Resource Constrained Shortest Path Problem with uncertain data: A robust formulation and optimal solution approach.

Heuristic method for robust optimization model for green closed-loop supply chain network design of perishable goods. Optimal distributed energy storage investment scheme for distribution network accommodating high renewable penetration. Mathematical programming model MMP for optimization of regional cropping patterns decisions: A case study. The robust analysis of supply chain based on uncertainty computation: insight from open innovation.

Supply vessel routing and scheduling under uncertain demand. The wait-and-judge scenario approach applied to antenna array design. Robust optimal usage modeling of product systems for environmental sustainability. A robust chance constraint programming approach for evacuation planning under uncertain demand distribution.

A unified framework for stochastic optimization. The vehicle routing and scheduling problem with cross-docking for perishable products under uncertainty: Two robust bi-objective models.

Dynamic reconfiguration of terminal airspace during convective weather: Robust optimization and conditional value-at-risk approaches. Socially optimal IT investment for cybersecurity. Robust optimization for selective newsvendor problem with uncertain demand. Decision making in multiobjective optimization problems under uncertainty: balancing between robustness and quality. Optimization under uncertainty in the era of big data and deep learning: When machine learning meets mathematical programming.

A multi-objective invasive weed optimization algorithm for robust aggregate production planning under uncertain seasonal demand. Hybrid genetic algorithm for a type-II robust mixed-model assembly line balancing problem with interval task times. Delineating robust rectangular management zones based on column generation algorithm. Surgical case scheduling with sterilising activity constraints.

A note on a robust inventory model with stock-dependent demand. Robust dynamic bus controls considering delay disturbances and passenger demand uncertainty. Jose Blanchet , Karthyek Murthy. Robust multicovers with budgeted uncertainty. Robust scheduling with budgeted uncertainty. Hurricane evacuations in the face of uncertainty: Use of integrated models to support robust, adaptive, and repeated decision-making.

Optimal planning of technology roadmap under uncertainty. A robust optimisation approach for identifying multi-state collaborations to reduce CO 2 emissions. A bi-objective MILP model for blocking hybrid flexible flow shop scheduling problem: robust possibilistic programming approach.

A hybrid robust stochastic programming for a bi-objective blood collection facilities problem Case study: Iranian blood transfusion network. Supply location and transportation planning for hurricanes: A two-stage stochastic programming framework.

Algorithms and uncertainty sets for data-driven robust shortest path problems. Designing robust rollout plan for better rural perinatal care system in Korea. Complexity of strict robust integer minimum cost flow problems: An overview and further results.

An optimization model for robust FSO network dimensioning. Robust joint user association and resource partitioning in heterogeneous cloud RANs with dual connectivity. A multilateral perspective towards blood network design in an uncertain environment: Methodology and implementation.

On the robustness of joint production and maintenance scheduling in presence of uncertainties. A distributionally robust optimization approach for surgery block allocation. A decentralized robust model for optimal operation of distribution companies with private microgrids.

A largest empty hypersphere metaheuristic for robust optimisation with implementation uncertainty. A decision support methodology for a disaster-caused business continuity management. Robust and optimal design of multi-energy systems with seasonal storage through uncertainty analysis.

Stability advances in robust portfolio optimization under parallelepiped uncertainty. Optimal sizing of PV and battery-based energy storage in an off-grid nanogrid supplying batteries to a battery swapping station. A data-driven robust optimization approach to scenario-based stochastic model predictive control. Sterilization network design. A robust optimization approach to overall profit efficiency with data uncertainty: application on bank industry. Optimization of coal blending operations under uncertainty — robust optimization approach.

An extended robust approach for a cooperative inventory routing problem. Job shop scheduling with consideration of floating breaking times under uncertainty. Robust strategic bidding in auction-based markets. A genetic algorithm approach to the smart grid tariff design problem.

Multiperiod Stock Allocation via Robust Optimization. Peter L. Jackson , John A. Muckstadt , Yuexing Li. Adaptive Distributionally Robust Optimization. Robust self-scheduling of a price-maker energy storage facility in the New York electricity market. Chance-constrained optimization for nonconvex programs using scenario-based methods.

Solving multiobjective optimization problems with decision uncertainty: an interactive approach. Uncertainty-based electricity procurement by retailer using robust optimization approach in the presence of demand response exchange.

Real-time subsidy based robust scheduling of the integrated power and gas system. An integrated multi response Taguchi- neural network- robust data envelopment analysis model for CO2 laser cutting. Robust Optimization-Based Energy Procurement. Robust optimization with nonnegative decision variables: A DEA approach.

Robust Classification. Robust optimisation of the intermodal freight transport problem: Modeling and solving with an efficient hybrid approach. Robust location-allocation network design for earthquake preparedness.

Distributionally robust optimization of an emergency medical service station location and sizing problem with joint chance constraints. Stochastic p-robust approach to two-stage network DEA model. Data-driven decision making in power systems with probabilistic guarantees: Theory and applications of chance-constrained optimization. Uncertain Requirements in the Design Selection Problem. Advance Admission Scheduling via Resource Satisficing. Optimization, Simulation and Predictive Analytics in Healthcare.

Stochastic Search in Metaheuristics. Robust stock and bond allocation with end-of-horizon effects. A robust capacitated lot sizing problem with setup times and overtime decisions with backordering allowed under demand uncertainty.

Robust trading strategies for a waste-to-energy combined heat and power plant in a day-ahead electricity market. On the adaptivity gap in two-stage robust linear optimization under uncertain packing constraints.

A real-time energy management system for smart grid integrated photovoltaic generation with battery storage. On the complexity of robust geometric programming with polyhedral uncertainty. The Dao of Robustness. Robust power allocation for two-tier heterogeneous networks under channel uncertainties. Multi-period and multi-resource operating room scheduling under uncertainty: A case study.

Robust location of new housing developments using a choice model. Robust multiobjective optimization with application to Internet routing. A perfect information lower bound for robust lot-sizing problems. Robust allocation of operating rooms: A cutting plane approach to handle lognormal case durations. On strategic multistage operational two-stage stochastic 0—1 optimization for the Rapid Transit Network Design problem. Large-scale unit commitment under uncertainty: an updated literature survey.

A comprehensive energy solution for households employing a micro combined cooling, heating and power generation system. When should we use simple decision models? A synthesis of various research strands. Robust model predictive control for optimal energy management of island microgrids with uncertainties. Robust combinatorial optimization under budgeted—ellipsoidal uncertainty.

Customer relationship management and new product development in designing a robust supply chain. The robust machine availability problem — bin packing under uncertainty. Peat and pots: An application of robust multiobjective optimization to a mixing problem in agriculture.

Mathematical programming methods for microgrid design and operations: a survey on deterministic and stochastic approaches. Exact and heuristic algorithms for the interval min-max regret generalized assignment problem. A robust optimization approach for an artillery fire-scheduling problem under uncertain threat.

Risk measure of job shop scheduling with random machine breakdowns. A computational study of exact approaches for the adjustable robust resource-constrained project scheduling problem. Robust optimization for non-linear impact of data variation. Robust monotone submodular function maximization. Robust optimization for day-ahead market participation of smart-home aggregators. Robust Smart Energy Efficient Production Planning for a general Job-Shop Manufacturing System under combined demand and supply uncertainty in the presence of grid-connected microgrid.

Consensus-based distributed learning for robust convex optimization with a scenario approach. Distributionally robust fixed interval scheduling on parallel identical machines under uncertain finishing times. Robust design of a VP-NCS chart for joint monitoring mean and variability in series systems under maintenance policy. Lot sizing with storage losses under demand uncertainty. Ruiwei Jiang , Yongpei Guan. Coalescing Data and Decision Sciences for Analytics. Decision-dependent probabilities in stochastic programs with recourse.

Reliability constrained two-stage optimization of multiple renewable-based microgrids incorporating critical energy peak pricing demand response program using robust optimization approach. A robust signal control system for equilibrium flow under uncertain travel demand and traffic delay.

Bi-objective safe and resilient urban evacuation planning. Agribusiness supply chain risk management: A review of quantitative decision models.

Hybrid robust, stochastic and possibilistic programming for closed-loop supply chain network design. Data-driven distributionally robust optimization using the Wasserstein metric: performance guarantees and tractable reformulations. Computation of practical capacity in single-track railway lines based on computing the minimum buffer times.

Lifting and separation of robust cover inequalities. A robust energy and reserve dispatch model for prosumer microgrids incorporating demand response aggregators. Robust optimization for energy-efficient virtual machine consolidation in modern datacenters. Robust fractional programming approach for improving agricultural water-use efficiency under uncertainty.

Robust optimization model for closed-loop supply chain planning under reverse logistics flow and demand uncertainty. Solving chance constrained optimal control problems in aerospace via kernel density estimation.

Candidate line selection for transmission expansion planning considering long- and short-term uncertainty. Robust optimization approaches for the equitable and effective distribution of donated food. Robust decision making using a general utility set.

A robust basic cyclic scheduling problem. Robust combinatorial optimization under convex and discrete cost uncertainty. Mixed uncertainties in data envelopment analysis: A fuzzy-robust approach.

Adaptation and approximate strategies for solving the lot-sizing and scheduling problem under multistage demand uncertainty. Stem cell biomanufacturing under uncertainty: A case study in optimizing red blood cell production. Process optimization with consideration of uncertainties—An overview. Resilient design and operations of process systems: Nonlinear adaptive robust optimization model and algorithm for resilience analysis and enhancement.

Multi-parametric mixed integer linear programming under global uncertainty. A unified framework for rich routing problems with stochastic demands. Robust and sustainable supply chains under market uncertainties and different risk attitudes — A case study of the German biodiesel market. The insertion of biogas in the sugarcane mill product portfolio: A study using the robust optimization approach.

A stochastic programming approach toward optimal design and planning of an integrated green biodiesel supply chain network under uncertainty: A case study. Generalized robust counterparts for constraints with bounded and unbounded uncertain parameters.

Robust Optimization: Concepts and Applications. A survey of semiconductor supply chain models part I: semiconductor supply chains, strategic network design, and supply chain simulation. A robust goal programming model for the capital budgeting problem.

Dynamic location problem under uncertainty with a regret-based measure of robustness. An exact approach for the robust assembly line balancing problem. Recent advancements in robust optimization for investment management. Are financial ratios relevant for trading credit risk? Evidence from the CDS market. Solving the bifurcated and nonbifurcated robust network loading problem with k -adaptive routing.

A robust optimization model for efficient and green supply chain planning with postponement strategy. Integrating risk management tools for regional forest planning: an interactive multiobjective value-at-risk approach. Road screening and distribution route multi-objective robust optimization for hazardous materials based on neural network and genetic algorithm.

Robust and Probabilistic Failure-Aware Placement. Assessing the benefits of labelling postponement in an export-focused winery. A novel robust fuzzy stochastic programming for closed loop supply chain network design under hybrid uncertainty. Piecewise static policies for two-stage adjustable robust linear optimization. A stochastic approach for solving the operating room scheduling problem. Optimizing make-to-stock policies through a robust lot-sizing model. A stochastic program with time series and affine decision rules for the reservoir management problem.

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Enter the Clans. Tui T. Fantasy, non-fiction, Sci-fi etc. Origins-CPY NET] [ COM] [ Details in comments. NET] [7. Mechanics [3. Infinite-CPY DS CODEX [8. CIA 3. The Global Forum on Science and Technology for Disaster Resilience was held in Tokyo from 23 to 25 November with participants from 42 countries.

To implement the priorities for action in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction DRR —, the Forum aimed to encourage all stakeholders to develop guidelines for supporting national platforms for DRR by making the best use of science and technology and producing a synthesis report on disaster science and technology.

During the Forum, seven working groups held presentations and panel discussions that corresponded to the four priorities for action in the Sendai Framework 1. Understanding disaster risk; 2. Strengthening disaster risk governance; 3. Investing in DDR; and 4. In this special issue of the Journal of Disaster Research, co-chairs of the working groups summarize their discussions and recommendations for each working group.

We thank all the authors and reviewers of the papers, as well as all the participants of the Forum for their valuable contributions.

This was nearly double the number of participants that we had initially expected. Proactive and meaningful discussions were held by a wide range of officials and experts from domestic and overseas industries, governments, academia, and private sectors, as well as by local citizens. We successfully created a platform for building international cooperation to share and resolve the current situation and handle various challenges for Bosai or disaster risk reduction.

Practical and effective discussions have contributed to raising and promoting awareness of Bosai and the Sendai Framework — to the world from Sendai. Our first World Bosai Forum was concluded with productive outcomes, and its future meetings will be held every 2 years. The guest editors of this special issue are pleased to publish valuable academic papers presented at the first World Bosai Forum. As you may notice, this research stems from a wide variety of current issues. The nature of interdisciplinary approaches may be unique to the World Bosai Forum, and the guest editors hope that this special issue will contribute to enhanced recognition of the Forum.

Last but not least, it is our hope that this special issue contributes to the literature of disaster statistics and accelerates its development. In addition, there were other disasters: an avalanche accident on Nasudake in , an earthquake M6. The results of research done on the above-mentioned disasters and the latest results of ongoing projects in each research division and center were compiled as the second NIED special issue of the Journal of Disaster Research JDR.

In this special issue, we are delighted to present ten papers on three topics: climatic disasters, seismic disasters, and integrated research on disaster risk reduction. In particular, this special issue contains three papers on the above-mentioned heavy rainfall in the Northern Kyushu District in July and two papers related to the Kumamoto earthquake. Introduction There are approximately 2, dams in Japan. Their total reservoir capacity is approximately 25 billion m 3 BCM , far less than the Lake Biwa, with a capacity of On the other hand, dams in Japan that were constructed on mountain rivers with considerable sediment deposits are decreasing their capacity more rapidly than those constructed on continental rivers, so they require measures against deposition to maintain their long-term reservoir capacity.

In addition, extreme weather phenomena increased rainfall and drought intensity under climate changes increase high demand for storage capacity of dams.

In order to effectively use these dams as limited resources and to hand them over to the next generation in healthy state, continuous investment and development of maintenance technology are required. This special issue is collecting the significance of the dam upgrading projects and important challenges from various aspects to be implemented. The program includes various fields, such as Environment and Energy, Bioresources, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, and Infectious Disease Control, and a total 52 projects were currently in progress as of May, It is expected that the promotion of international joint research under this program will enable Japanese research institutions to conduct research more effectively in fields and having targets that make it advantageous to do that research in developing countries, including countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia, and Africa.

Although adult maladies, such as malignant tumors, heart disease, and cerebral apoplexy, are major causes of death in the developed countries including Japan, infectious diseases are still responsible for the high mortality rates in developing countries. Infectious Disease Control projects are progressing in several countries, including Kenya, Zambia, Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Brazil, and various infectious diseases and pathogens have been targeted.

These projects include viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. If they become available, further supplementary reports from other projects in this field will be published in a future issue.

This research has been further developed for application to hazard monitoring and natural disaster mitigation. Some developments have even been implemented in society in countermeasures against natural disasters. The data from GEONET are used extensively among researchers and practitioners, not only for basic research but also for the development of methods and systems that can mitigate disasters.

The volume consists of 13 papers covering a wide range of natural phenomena, such as earthquakes, crustal movements, tsunamis, ionospheric disturbances, and volcanic eruptions. Some papers help us to understand how natural hazards behave, which should be the first step toward disaster mitigation.

On the other hand, other articles report direct efforts made toward providing early warnings of impending disasters. Disaster mitigation systems may require real-time and even kinematic with high-rate data sampling processing and dissemination of data. Moreover, some applications involve data collection from coastal waters and the open sea.

Now that the density of GNSS stations has approached saturation on land, the scarcity of data collected offshore will have to be rectified through the development of GNSS systems in the ocean.

We do hope that this volume will be a step in the further progress of utilizing GNSS for disaster monitoring and mitigation in the future to make society safer and more secure.

The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster left behind many lessons to learn, and there have since been many new findings and insights that have led to suggestions made and implemented in disaster observation, sensing, simulation, and damage determination.

This has dramatically facilitated our understanding of how our society has responded to unprecedented catastrophes. The key question is how to utilize big data in establishing social systems that respond promptly, sensibly, and effectively to natural disasters, and in withstanding adversity with resilience. Included are 14 papers that aim to share the recent progress of the project as the sequel to Part 2, published in March As one of the guest editors of this issue, I would like to express our deep gratitude for the insightful comments and suggestions made by the reviewers and the members of the editorial committee.

I do hope that this work will be utilized in disaster management efforts to mitigate the damage and losses in future catastrophic disasters. By monitoring changes in the urban environment, such as the topography, ground, buildings, and infrastructure, we seek to lower the level of risk.

Our project will improve the disaster management system, plan and response capability, based on an evaluation of disaster vulnerabilities. Considering floods including tidal wave problems and earthquakes as the target hazards, we aim to contribute to the development of precise regional development plans and disaster management measures by identifying disaster risks in advance, and we will support the Myanmar government in strengthening its disaster response capabilities.

We plan to set up a system by which industry, academia, and the government collaborate to promote the understanding of research content, to continue research activities, and to implement research results in Myanmar. We hope that our activities in the SATREPS project will become an ideal model for solving issues in urban development and disaster management, and that the project will also contribute the other Asian countries.

Hazard and risk researchers are using their research results to target several vastly different stakeholders: the scientific community, governmental institutions, engineers and the larger technical community, companies, and finally the local residents.

Each of these groups has a different focus on the results and is drawing different conclusions from them. In this special issue for the Journal of Disaster Research JDR , we address the problems surrounding hazard and risk communication by asking important questions. How can we involve communities in risk assessment? How can we raise the acceptance of risk models in communities?

How can communities be involved in mitigation measures? Finally, how can we explain the inherit uncertainties of hazard and risk assessments? To answer these questions, it is essential to integrate knowledge from the social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering.

As the first step in this effort, we selected seven papers in the present special issue: six are related to the Kumamoto earthquakes in Japan and one to a research in Taiwan. They include studies on hazard and risk estimates before the disaster, risk communication during the earthquake sequence by the Japan Metrological Agency, the psychological and behavioral characteristics of disaster victims, resident evacuation patterns, the recovery process, and risk communication in disaster.

The paper of the research in Taiwan addresses the importance of resident involvement to earthquake science for disaster preparedness. We are constantly required to carry out comprehensive efforts, including observations, forecasts, experiments, assessments, and countermeasures related to a variety of natural disasters, including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, heavy rains, blizzards, and ice storms.

We are delighted to present 17 papers on five topics: seismic disasters, volcanic disasters, climatic disasters, landslide disasters, and the development of comprehensive Information Communications Technology ICT for disaster management.

Even though the achievements detailed in these papers are certainly the results individual research, NIED hopes to maximize these achievements for the promotion of science and technology for disaster risk reduction and resilience as a whole. As our daily lives and socioeconomic activities have increasingly come to depend on information systems and networks, the impact of disruptions to these systems and networks have also become more complex and diversified.

In urban areas, where people, goods, money, and information are highly concentrated, the possibility of chain failures and confusion beyond our expectations and experience is especially high. The vulnerabilities in our systems and networks on have become the targets of cyber attacks, which have come to cause socioeconomic problems with increasing likelihood.

To counter these attacks, technological countermeasures alone are insufficient, and countermeasures such as the development of professional skills and organizational response capabilities as well as the implementation of cyber security schemes based on public-private partnerships PPP at the national level must be carried out as soon as possible.

In this JDR mini special issue on Cyber Security, I have tried to expand the scope of traditional cyber security discussions with mainly technological aspects. I have also succeeded in including non-technological aspects to provide feasible measures that will help us to prepare for, respond to, and recover from socioeconomic damage caused by advancing cyber attacks.

At pm on April 14, , a magnitude 6. Although the earthquake damage forecasting system in operation at the time predicted that this earthquake would cause no damage, it resulted in extensive human casualties and property damage centered in Mashiki Town.

Past midnight on April 16, 28 hours after the first shock, the second and main shock hit, which recorded magnitude 7. The hypocenter extended from Kumamoto prefecture to Oita prefecture, cutting across the island of Kyushu. Mount Aso also saw increased volcanic activities which led to several landslides.

This resulted in the collapse of the Great Aso Bridge, an important transportation point, causing the loss of human lives as well as obstruction of traffic for an extended period. Much confusion arose in the process of implementing measures in response to the earthquakes, which produced damage in urban areas as well as hilly and mountainous regions, raising many issues and prompting several new approaches.

Researchers in many fields have conducted various activities at the disaster sites in the one-year period following the earthquakes, and produced significant findings in many areas. In order to make these results available to the wider global community, JDR is releasing a special issue on the Kumamoto Earthquakes with excellent papers and reports to mark their one-year anniversary. While the submitted papers to this special issue went through our regular peer review process, no publication charge was imposed so as to encourage as many submissions as possible.

It is our hope that this special issue will contribute to throwing light on the Kumamoto Earthquakes in its entirety. Japan has one of the highest levels of seismicity in the world. Furthermore, we need to take disaster mitigation countermeasures in preparation for the next Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake, Tokyo earthquake, etc. Disaster countermeasures against these earthquakes will be of vital importance to Japanese society in the future.

As a specific example, if and when the next Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake strikes, it will cause widespread and compound disasters on the island of Shikoku and in southwestern Japan in general. The prefectures of Kagawa, Tokushima, Kochi, and Ehime are all on the island of Shikoku, yet the damages that a future Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake will cause are predicted to be quite different in each prefecture.

Therefore, in preparing disaster mitigation strategies for the coming Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake, these four prefectures and the distinguished universities involved in disaster mitigation research and education in them must be united in collaboration while making the best use of the individual characteristics of the prefectures and universities.

Specifically, in terms of disaster mitigation preparations, universities on Shikoku have to develop and advance resilience science as it relates to upcoming disasters from a Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake, inland earthquakes, typhoons, floods, etc. In this special issue, many significant research papers from the fields of engineering, geoscience, and the social sciences by researchers from distinguished universities on the island of Shikoku focus on resilience science.

Physics, University of Maryland, ; A. Physics, Harvard College, Frostburg State University, ; M. A, University of Oxford, ; M. University of Science and Technology of China, ; Ph. The Pennsylvania State University, ; Ph. The Pennsylvania State University, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of British Columbia, ; Ph.

East China Normal University, ; Ph. University of Arizona, Moscow State University, M. Princeton University, Ph. Princeton University, Chemistry, MIT, ; B. Mathematics, MIT, ; M. Western Ontario, Math, University of Minnesota, ; M. Accompanying, U. Center, ; Ph. Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, ; Ph. Goldman School of Dental Medicine. Trinity University, ; M. University of California, Berkeley, ; Ph.

University of California, Berkeley, CV: licentiatus rerum politicarum, University of Bern, ; M. Applied Mathematics,, University of Auckland; M. Aeronautics, , California Institute of Technology; Ph. Aeronautics,, California Institute of Technology. Math, , B. Physics, , M.

Math, , Clarkson University; Ph. Statistics, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, ; Ph. William College, , Art History, M. University of Maryland , Art History, Ph. University of Maryland , Art History. Binghamton University, ; M. Psychology, Peking University; M.

Dartmouth College, ; B. Dartmouth College, ; M. University of Maryland, Smith University, ; M. San Francisco State University, ; M. University of New Mexico, ; Ph. Andrews, ;M. University of Edinburgh, ; M. University of Sussex-Falmer, ; Ph. University of Southern California, Johns Hopkins University, ; M. Johns Hopkins University, , B. University of Notre Dame, Barnard College, ; M. University of Pennsylvania, ; Ph.

University of Pennsylvania, Georgia Institute of Technology, ; Ph. University of Oregon, Eugene , M. University of California, Los Angeles , Ph.

University of California, Irvine Modern dance Elizabeth Bergmann and Gloria Newman. Choreography with Gloria Newman and Phyllis Lamhut.

Partnering and support with Antony Tudor and Gloria Newman. Boston College, ; M. University,Baroda,India,; M. Hillsdale College, ; M. California Institute of Technology, ; Ph. California Institute of Technology, Olaf College, ; M.